Jan Tschichold (1902–1974) was a twentieth century German designer who had immense influence in both modernist and classical typography. His 1928 book, Die Neue Typography is a schoolhouse classic, while hisPenguin Composition Rules brought taste and order to British printing. A 1954 AIGA medalist, he was also a collector and scholar of Japanese prints and printed and scribal manuscripts. The latter part of his career was spent as a desiger for a Swiss pharmaceutical company. See some of his work here.
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References
Russem, Michael. Postage Stamps by AIGA Medalists. Cambridge, MA: Kat Ran Press, 2013.